Pubmed-entry ::= {
  pmid 22565163,
  medent {
    em std {
      year 2012,
      month 5,
      day 14
    },
    cit {
      title {
        name "Characterization of the neuropeptide Y system in the frog
 Silurana tropicalis (Pipidae): Three peptides and six receptor subtypes."
      },
      authors {
        names ml {
          "Sundstrom G",
          "Xu B",
          "Larsson TA",
          "Heldin J",
          "Bergqvist CA",
          "Fredriksson R",
          "Conlon JM",
          "Lundell I",
          "Denver RJ",
          "Larhammar D"
        },
        affil str "Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593,
 SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden."
      },
      from journal {
        title {
          iso-jta "Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.",
          ml-jta "Gen Comp Endocrinol",
          issn "1095-6840",
          name "General and comparative endocrinology"
        },
        imp {
          date std {
            year 2012,
            month 5,
            day 4
          },
          language "ENG",
          pubstatus aheadofprint,
          history {
            {
              pubstatus received,
              date std {
                year 2012,
                month 3,
                day 13
              }
            },
            {
              pubstatus revised,
              date std {
                year 2012,
                month 4,
                day 24
              }
            },
            {
              pubstatus accepted,
              date std {
                year 2012,
                month 4,
                day 26
              }
            },
            {
              pubstatus other,
              date std {
                year 2012,
                month 5,
                day 9,
                hour 6,
                minute 0
              }
            },
            {
              pubstatus pubmed,
              date std {
                year 2012,
                month 5,
                day 9,
                hour 6,
                minute 0
              }
            },
            {
              pubstatus medline,
              date std {
                year 2012,
                month 5,
                day 9,
                hour 6,
                minute 0
              }
            }
          }
        }
      },
      ids {
        pii "S0016-6480(12)00191-8",
        doi "10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.04.027",
        pubmed 22565163
      }
    },
    abstract "Neuropeptide Y and its related peptides PYY and PP (pancreatic
 polypeptide) are involved in feeding behavior, regulation of the pituitary
 and the gastrointestinal tract, and numerous other functions. The peptides
 act on a family of G-protein coupled receptors with 4-7 members in jawed
 vertebrates. We describe here the NPY system of the Western clawed frog
 Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis. Three peptides, NPY, PYY and PP, were
 identified together with six receptors, namely subtypes Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, Y7
 and Y8. Thus, this frog has all but one of the ancestral seven gnathostome
 NPY-family receptors, in contrast to mammals which have lost 2-3 of the
 receptors. Expression levels of mRNA for the peptide and receptor genes were
 analyzed in a panel of 19 frog tissues using reverse transcriptase
 quantitative PCR. The peptide mRNAs had broad distribution with highest
 expression in skin, blood and small intestine. NPY mRNA was present in the
 three brain regions investigated, but PYY and PP mRNAs were not detectable in
 any of these. All receptor mRNAs had similar expression profiles with high
 expression in skin, blood, muscle and heart. Three of the receptors, Y5, Y7
 and Y8, could be functionally expressed in HEK-293 cells and characterized
 with binding studies using the three frog peptides. PYY had the highest
 affinity for all three receptors (K(i) 0.042-0.34nM). Also NPY and PP bound
 to the Y8 receptor with high affinity (0.14 and 0.50nM). The low affinity of
 NPY for the Y5 receptor (100-fold lower than PYY) differs from mammals and
 chicken. This may suggest a less important role of NPY on Y5 in appetite
 stimulation in the frog compared with amniotes. In conclusion, our
 characterization of the NPY system in S. tropicalis with its six receptors
 demonstrates not only greater complexity than in mammals but also some
 interesting differences in ligand-receptor preferences.",
    pmid 22565163,
    pub-type {
      "JOURNAL ARTICLE"
    },
    status publisher
  }
}

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